Histopathological Spectrum of Benign Breast Lesions in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria: A10-YearRetrospective Study

Abstract

Benign breast lesions (BBLs) represent the majority of breast pathologies globally, yet their epidemiological profiles  vary by region. In Sub-Saharan Africa, understanding these patterns is crucial for effective clinical management and  allocation of resources. This study provides a 10-year update on the histopathological spectrum of BBLs in Makurdi,  North-Central Nigeria. This was a retrospective, descriptive study utilising histopathology records of breast biopsies  and excisions performed at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. Data on patient age, sex, and definitive histological diagnosis of benign breast lesions were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics. Atotal of 432 histologically confirmed benign breast lesions were identified. The majority (98%) occurred in females, with only 2% in males (predominantly gynaecomastia). Fibroadenoma was the most prevalent BBL, accounting for 337 cases (78.01%). Its mean age of occurrence was 23.4 years, with peak incidence in the 10-20 (148 cases) and 21-30 (121 cases) age groups. Fibrocystic disease was the second most common, with 46 cases (10.65%), having a mean age of 33.3 years. Other identified lesions included ductal ectasia (4.86%, n mean age 41.2 years) and various inflammatory lesions. Fibroadenoma remains the predominant benign breast lesion in Makurdi, consistent with regional and global trends, primarily affecting young women. Fibrocystic disease is the second most common. These findings highlight the need for continued public health awareness and accurate diagnostic strategies to manage breast lumps in the region effectively.