Archives

  • Management Dilemma of an Incidentally Discovered Bilateral Dysgerminoma
    Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025)

    Foreword

    This issue, which is the last for the year 2025, comes with the theme: “Dilemma of an Incidentally Discovered Bilateral Dysgerminoma” where a team of researchers stumbled upon this clinical condition during an emergency cesarean section in a primigravida. The authors stated that, the client had a normal, regular ante-natal visits with normal pregnancy progression; and the bilateral ovarian dysgerminoma only presented as a case of arrested labour which necessitated an emergency surgery. They therefore advised clinicians to be meticulous in the management of pregnant women, especially in the tail end of apparently normal pregnancies as such incidents may spring up surprises. In another study, a team of researchers investigated the extent and scope of serum lipid profiles and their association with cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes and hypertension. And they found the mean lipid values for hypertensive versus diabetic patients when compared were as follows: HDL (1.3±0.8 vs 1.2±0.3, t=1.737, p=0.08), LDL (3.3±1.0 vs 3.1±1.1, t=2.170, p=0.03), total cholesterol (5.3±1.2 vs 5.2±1.7, t=0.598, p=0.55), and triglycerides (1.6±1.0 vs 1.6±0.6, t=0.389, p=0.70). The predominant lipid abnormality among both hypertensive and diabetic patients was hypercholesterolaemia. Management of such patients should therefore factor this finding in the drug formulations and dietary advice for the desired results. Due to the growing burden of complete or partial blindness globally including Nigeria, researchers sought to describe the patterns of refractive errors known to be among the common causes of preventive blindness at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna Northwest Nigeria. Out of the 4,640 eyes of 2,888 people studied, comprising 1,114 males (38.6%) and 1,774 females (61.4%): myopia occurred in 1,574(33.9%) eyes, maximum was -13D, hypermetropia in 1,964(42.3%) maximum was +4D in naturally occurring and +16D in aphakic and astigmatism in 480(10.4%). Astigmatism consisted of 291(60.6%)  myopia, 59(12.3%) hypermetropia and 130(27.1%) were mixed. They recommended regular eye checks to arrest preventable blindness in our communities. Due to the socio-economic challenges, in addition to the diverse health needs of patients with chronic kidney disease, researchers looked into the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of haemodialysis patients. And they found that the overall HRQOL was average to above average. Regular outpatient visits, having health insurance, and level of annual income were all critical factors that affected HRQOL. Physical functioning was most significantly affected, with 78% of respondents reporting work limitations due to physical health problems.Management of patients with this clinical conditions should therefore be all encompassing targeting total well-being.  

    Professor Michael Simidele Odimayo

    Editor-In-Chief

    31st December, 2025

  • ASSESSMENT OF MATERNAL SERUM BETA-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AS PREDICTIVE MARKER FOR PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND POOR CLINICAL NEONATAL OUTCOME
    Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025)

    FOREWARD

    This Volume 6 Number 3, the third issue for WJMBS 2025 goes with the title: “Assessment of the usefulness of maternal serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin as predictive marker for pre eclampsia and poor clinical neonatal outcome” where authors critically looked at the maternal plasma levels of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin and its effect on pregnancy-related hypertension and neonatal outcomes. They found that maternal serum levels of βhCG of preeclamptic women were significantly higher compared to the controls (5189.91±7.35, 3943.71±53.21 mIU, p=0.000). Also, there were significant negative correlations between βhCG, with birth weight (r=-0.371, p=0.000), and Apgar score (r= -0.385, p=0.000). They therefore concluded that the predictive power of βhCG for developing pre-eclampsia and poor neonatal outcomes was excellent and good, respectively. In another study, a team of researchers looked at the patterns, predictors and delays in diagnosing retained placenta at a tertiary hospital. They found that: Most patients were unbooked 15 (71.4%) and multiparous 11 (52.4%). and that unbooked pregnancy 15 (71.4%), preterm delivery 10 (47.6%), and previous D&C 8 (38.1%) were the common risk factors. The commonest subtype was trapped placenta 11 (52.4%) and the average diagnostic duration of retained placenta was 82.0 ± 36.9 minutes. High parity (AOR: 26.28, p=0.032) and previous D&C (AOR: 17.14, p=0.034) were found to be the independent predictors. Due to the growing incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and indeed the global community, a team of researchers set out to assess the pattern of dyslipidemias, associated atherogenic risk and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus among confirmed diabetic patients and control study group consisting of a healthy population. They found that: the combined dyslipidemia pattern had the highest percentage among the subjects, with a value of 52(45.6%) observed. This was followed by mixed dyslipidemias with a value of 50(43.9%). A higher percentage of increased risk of CVD was found among the subjects for CRI-I (74; 52%), CRI-II (73; 51.8%), and AC (75; 53.2%) compared with control CRI-I (15; 10.7%), CRI-II (7; 5.0%) and AC (15; 10.7%), p-values <0.001. A greater percentage of the subjects demonstrated insulin resistance, as indicated by HOMA-IR (79, 56.0%) and QUICKI (64, 45.4%), compared to the controls with p <0.001. HbA1C correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.235, p=0.005) and QUICKI (r=-0.196, p=0.020). Mixed dyslipidemias (elevated total cholesterol, elevated LDL-C and low HDL-C) were the highest form of dyslipidemia pattern observed. And that, CRI-I, CRI-II and AC were found to be better predictors of CVD than an ordinary lipid profile.

    Professor Michael Simidele Odimayo

    Editor-In-Chief

    30th September, 2025

  • Charles Bonnet Syndrome: Visual Hallucination in a 75 Year Blind Patient
    Vol. 4 No. 1-2 (2023)

  • Post-measles Dilated Cardiomyopathy in an Eleven months old infant
    Vol. 4 No. 3-4 (2023)

  • Common Placental Locations After 35 Weeks Gestation
    Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024)

  • Radiological Imaging and Histological Findings in the Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024)

  • Patterns of Femoral fractures
    Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024)

  • Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)

    The volume Six, Issue 18, number Two, the second quarter issue of 2025 goes with the title: “Renal Resistivity Index (RRI) in Extent of Renal Damage Among Sickle Cell Patients” where the authors critically looked at renal resistivity index and its relationship with other markers of renal damage in sickle cell disease patients. They found that: an  inverse but non-significant correlation was observed between RRI and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR); a significant association between elevated RRI and history of blood transfusion in the past year; and no significant associations between RRI and bone pain crises, hospitalisation, or proteinuria. They then came to the conclusion that elevated RRI is common in SCD patients and may reflect early renal vascular changes not detectable by eGFR alone and hence can serve as an early marker of disease severity. In another study authors lloked at the institutional patterns of recurrent goitre where the researchers carried out a comprehensive retrospective analysis of thyroidectomy outcomes from two referal health centres. They found that: A total of 88.2% of recurrences occurred after initial subtotal thyroidectomy (p<0.001), highlighting the inadequacy of this procedure. The recurrences ranged from 1 to 12 years post operation. And that Clinical presentations were predominantly in the form of simple nodular goitre (61.8%), while 23.5% of pathologic specimens presented with unsuspected malignancies, which were predominantly papillary carcinoma. Reoperations were completion  thyroidectomy (35.3%) and repeat subtotal operations (29.4%), with an overall complication rate of 36.4%. They eventually concluded that there is need for policy changes toward definitive surgical treatment of benign multinodular goitre in low-resource settings with a focus on prevention of unnecessary reoperations through enhanced initial treatment. Also in another study, researchers assessed a case of fibrocystic change in a male breast. They noted that although this lesion is common in female breast, it is exremely rare in male breast and hence physicians should be extremely vigilant and look out for it to avoid misdiagnosis and over-treatment.

    A case of foreign-body induced abdominal perforation in a vagrant patient with Schizophrenia was also presented. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple foreign bodies in the stomach, including four and six-inch nails, currency notes, padlock keys, and plastic items. Postoperative psychiatric management led to symptom control with a switch to long acting injectable antipsychotics to improve adherence. The patient showed significant clinical and behavioural improvement and had remained in remission six months after his discharge and had been regular on follow-up.

    Professor Michael Simidele Odimayo

    Editor-In-Chief

    30th June, 2025 

  • Metastatic Ocular Melanoma to the Breast and Axillary Lymph Nodes: An Unusual Case Presentation
    Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024)

  • Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)

    FOREWORD

    The volume Six, Issue 17, number One, the first quarter issue of 2025 goes with the title   “Cortical Tubers Without Neurological Symptoms: An Uncommon Case of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex”. The authors stressed that not all cases of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) present with all the classical features as there are also phenotypic non-classical variants of the same disease. That it is a rare genetic neurocutaneous syndrome often characterized by presence of benign nodules in different parts of the body including brain. A thorough clinical and radiological examinations will help diligent physicians to identify non-classical phenotypic variants.

    In another study researchers x-rayed Primary Health Care Under One Roof (PHCUOR) In Nigeria in retrospect in order to ascertain the successes and failures attained so far. And they came to the conclusion that the policy which is backed by law has failed to attained the desired impact due to myriad of challenges. Some of which include infrastructural constraints, inadequacy of staff to drive it, and unwillingness of the relevant health personnel to show understanding, work as a team to ensure its success.

    Hydroxyurea has been reported to be effective in the management of patients with sickle cell disease and in this vein a team of researchers set out to evaluate the clinical and laboratory outcomes of children with SCA on hydroxyurea therapy. They found that Hydroxyurea therapy significantly reduced the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises (mean reduction from 7.70 to 1.91, p = .000), hospital admissions (mean reduction from 2.60 to 0.84, p = .000), and blood transfusions (mean reduction from 1.51 to 0.40, p = .005) along with significant decrease in hospital stay duration.

    Professor Michael Simidele Odimayo

    Editor-In-Chief

    31st March, 2025